Many people are aware of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine. For each neurotransmitter, it must bind properly to a neuroreceptor. Each one of these receptors much be functioning properly. Activation of the second class of neurotransmitter receptors only affects ion channel opening and closing indirectly. In this case, the protein to which the neurotransmitter binds—the neurotransmitter receptor—is not an ion channel. Signaling through these receptors depends on the activation of several molecules inside the cell . Because it involves more steps, signaling through metabotropic receptors is much slower than signaling through ligand-activated ion channels.

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